. , . - , .
. , . , . , , .
. . - , , , - . 70-- 80- . , , " ", IBM, " ". 80- - 90- . ESOP - Employee Stok Ownership Plan. 10-12 . . . , , , " " . , [1].
. , , . , . [2]. [3].
, " " . , . , " ", .
" ". :
.
" ".
" ".
, , , , , . , " ", " " "".
" " : , , , , . " " 2001-2002 .
. , . . , . :
1) .
2) .
3) .
4) , , , .
. . , , , , .
( ) ( ) . [4]. , , .
. , . , , , . . , . , [5].
